Büro für Altlastenerkundung und Umweltforschung
Dr. Rainer Haas
Stadtwaldstr. 45a, D-35037 Marburg, Tel.: 06421/93084, Fax: 06421/93073
email: haasr@gmx.net
_
Analytical examination of former munition plants
Compounds, methods and limits of detection (LOD)
____________________________________
table 1: Explosives and byproducts
1) High explosives
a) TNT-group
|
compound |
method |
LOD, soil |
LOD, water |
unit |
|
2-NT |
GC/ECD |
0,1 |
0,25 |
mg/kg, µg/l |
|
3-NT |
GC/ECD |
0,1 |
0,25 |
mg/kg, µg/l |
|
4-NT |
GC/ECD |
0,1 |
0,25 |
mg/kg, µg/l |
|
2,4-DNT |
GC/ECD |
0,03 |
0,1 |
mg/kg, µg/l |
|
3,4-DNT |
GC/ECD |
0,03 |
0,1 |
mg/kg, µg/l |
|
2,6-DNT |
GC/ECD |
0,03 |
0,1 |
mg/kg, µg/l |
|
TNT |
GC/ECD |
0,03 |
0,1 |
mg/kg, µg/l |
|
2A46DNT |
GC/ECD |
0,03 |
0,1 |
mg/kg, µg/l |
|
4A26DNT |
GC/ECD |
0,03 |
0,1 |
mg/kg, µg/l |
|
2-NT |
HPLC/DAD |
0,1 |
0,25 |
mg/kg, µg/l |
|
3-NT |
HPLC/DAD |
0,1 |
0,25 |
mg/kg, µg/l |
|
4-NT |
HPLC/DAD |
0,1 |
0,25 |
mg/kg, µg/l |
|
2,4-DNT |
HPLC/DAD |
0,03 |
0,1 |
mg/kg, µg/l |
|
3,4-DNT |
HPLC/DAD |
0,03 |
0,1 |
mg/kg, µg/l |
|
2,6-DNT |
HPLC/DAD |
0,03 |
0,1 |
mg/kg, µg/l |
|
TNT |
HPLC/DAD |
0,03 |
0,1 |
mg/kg, µg/l |
|
2A46DNT |
HPLC/DAD |
0,03 |
0,1 |
mg/kg, µg/l |
|
4A26DNT |
HPLC/DAD |
0,03 |
0,1 |
mg/kg, µg/l |
|
SAA |
photometry |
--- |
0,1 |
µg/l |
b) Hexogen-group
|
compound |
method |
LOD, soil |
LOD, water |
unit |
|
Hexogen, RDX |
HPLC/DAD |
0,02 |
0,03 |
mg/kg, µg/l |
|
Oktogen, HMX |
HPLC/DAD |
0,02 |
0,03 |
mg/kg, µg/l |
c) other high explosives
|
compound |
method |
LOD, soil |
LOD, water |
unit |
|
nitrobenzene |
GC/ECD |
0,1 |
0,25 |
mg/kg, µg/l |
|
1,3-DNB |
GC/ECD |
0,03 |
0,1 |
mg/kg, µg/l |
|
1,3-DNB |
HPLC/DAD |
0,03 |
0,1 |
mg/kg, µg/l |
|
1,2-DNB |
GC/ECD |
0,03 |
0,1 |
mg/kg, µg/l |
|
1,2-DNB |
HPLC/DAD |
0,03 |
0,1 |
mg/kg, µg/l |
|
1,4-DNB |
GC/ECD |
0,03 |
0,1 |
mg/kg, µg/l |
|
1,4-DNB |
HPLC/DAD |
0,03 |
0,1 |
mg/kg, µg/l |
|
1,3,5-TNB |
HPLC/DAD |
0,02 |
0,05 |
mg/kg, µg/l |
|
1,5-DNN |
GC/ECD |
0,1 |
0,05 |
mg/kg, µg/l |
|
1,8-DNN |
GC/ECD |
0,1 |
0,05 |
mg/kg, µg/l |
|
picric acid |
HPLC/DAD |
0,05 |
0,15 |
mg/kg, µg/l |
|
Hexyl |
HPLC/DAD |
0,1 |
0,25 |
mg/kg, µg/l |
|
Nitropenta |
HPLC/DAD |
0,02 |
0,03 |
mg/kg, µg/l |
|
Tetryl |
HPLC/DAD |
0,03 |
0,1 |
mg/kg, µg/l |
2) parameter for initial explosives
|
compound |
method |
LOD, soil |
LOD, water |
unit |
|
mercury |
AAS/Kaltdampf |
0,005 |
0,1 |
mg/kg, µg/l |
|
lead |
AAS/Graphitrohr |
0,05 |
1 |
mg/kg, µg/l |
|
Chrom |
AAS/Graphitrohr |
0,05 |
1 |
mg/kg, µg/l |
|
Antimon |
AAS/Hydrid |
0,05 |
1 |
mg/kg, µg/l |
|
Barium |
AAS/Graphitrohr |
0,5 |
10 |
mg/kg, µg/l |
|
copper |
AAS/Flamme |
1 |
20 |
mg/kg, µg/l |
3) propellants
|
compound |
method |
LOD, soil |
LOD, water |
unit |
|
nitroglycerine |
HPLC/DAD |
0,1 |
0,25 |
mg/kg, µg/l |
|
EGDN |
HPLC/DAD |
0,1 |
0,25 |
mg/kg, µg/l |
|
DEGN |
HPLC/DAD |
0,1 |
0,25 |
mg/kg, µg/l |
|
nitroguanidine |
HPLC/DAD |
0,1 |
0,25 |
mg/kg, µg/l |
4) stabilizers
|
compound |
method |
LOD, soil |
LOD, water |
unit |
|
DPA |
HPLC/DAD |
0,1 |
0,25 |
mg/kg, µg/l |
|
phthalates |
GC/ECD |
0,05-0,3 |
0,1-0,5 |
mg/kg, µg/l |
5) other compounds
a) PAH
|
compound |
method |
LOD, soil |
LOD, water |
unit |
|
naphthalene |
HPLC/FD |
0,04 |
0,01 |
mg/kg, µg/l |
|
acenaphthylene |
HPLC/UV |
0,08 |
0,02 |
mg/kg, µg/l |
|
acenaphthene |
HPLC/FD |
0,02 |
0,005 |
mg/kg, µg/l |
|
fluorene |
HPLC/FD |
0,01 |
0,002 |
mg/kg, µg/l |
|
phenanthrene |
HPLC/FD |
0,001 |
0,0005 |
mg/kg, µg/l |
|
anthracene |
HPLC/FD |
0,001 |
0,0005 |
mg/kg, µg/l |
|
fluoranthene |
HPLC/FD |
0,001 |
0,0005 |
mg/kg, µg/l |
|
pyren |
HPLC/FD |
0,001 |
0,0005 |
mg/kg, µg/l |
|
benzo(a)anthr. |
HPLC/FD |
0,001 |
0,0005 |
mg/kg, µg/l |
|
chrysene |
HPLC/FD |
0,001 |
0,0005 |
mg/kg, µg/l |
|
benzo(b)fl. |
HPLC/FD |
0,001 |
0,0005 |
mg/kg, µg/l |
|
benzo(k)fl. |
HPLC/FD |
0,001 |
0,0005 |
mg/kg, µg/l |
|
benzo(a)pyrene |
HPLC/FD |
0,001 |
0,0005 |
mg/kg, µg/l |
|
dibenzoanthr. |
HPLC/FD |
0,001 |
0,0005 |
mg/kg, µg/l |
|
benzoperylene |
HPLC/FD |
0,001 |
0,0005 |
mg/kg, µg/l |
|
indenopyrene |
HPLC/FD |
0,001 |
0,0005 |
mg/kg, µg/l |
b) PCB
|
compound |
method |
LOD, soil |
LOD, water |
unit |
|
PCB 28 |
GC/ECD |
0,03 |
0,08 |
mg/kg, µg/l |
|
PCB 52 |
GC/ECD |
0,06 |
0,16 |
mg/kg, µg/l |
|
PCB 101 |
GC/ECD |
0,03 |
0,08 |
mg/kg, µg/l |
|
PCB 138 |
GC/ECD |
0,03 |
0,08 |
mg/kg, µg/l |
|
PCB 153 |
GC/ECD |
0,02 |
0,06 |
mg/kg, µg/l |
|
PCB 180 |
GC/ECD |
0,01 |
0,04 |
mg/kg, µg/l |
c) CKW
|
compound |
method |
LOD, soil |
LOD, water |
unit |
|
dichloromethane |
GC/ECD |
30 |
1,5 |
µg/kg, µg/l |
|
trichloromethane |
GC/ECD |
1,2 |
0,06 |
µg/kg, µg/l |
|
trichloroethane |
GC/ECD |
0,6 |
0,03 |
µg/kg, µg/l |
|
tetrachloromethane |
GC/ECD |
0,2 |
0,01 |
µg/kg, µg/l |
|
trichloroethene |
GC/ECD |
1,2 |
0,06 |
µg/kg, µg/l |
|
perchloroethene |
GC/ECD |
0,4 |
0,02 |
µg/kg, µg/l |
d) BTXE aromatics
|
compound |
method |
LOD, soil |
LOD, water |
unit |
|
benzene |
GC/FID |
1 |
1 |
µg/kg, µg/l |
|
toluene |
GC/FID |
1 |
1 |
µg/kg, µg/l |
|
xylenes |
GC/FID |
1 |
1 |
µg/kg, µg/l |
|
ethyl benzene |
GC/FID |
1 |
1 |
µg/kg, µg/l |
Abbreviations:
|
ADNT |
amino dinitro toluene |
|
CKW |
chlorinated hydrocarbons |
|
DNB |
dinitrobenzene |
|
DNN |
dinitronaphthaline |
|
DNT |
dinitrotoluene |
|
DPA |
diphenylamine |
|
EGDN |
ethylene glycole dinitrate |
|
GC/FID |
gas chromatographie / flame ionization detector |
|
GC/ECD |
gas chromatographie / electron capture detector |
|
HPLC/FD |
high pressure liquid chromatography / |
|
|
fluoreszenze detektor |
|
HPLC/IC |
high pressure liquid chromatography / |
|
|
ion chromatography |
|
HPLC/DAD |
high pressure liquid chromatography / |
|
|
diode array detektor |
|
LOD |
limit of detection |
|
NT |
nitrotoluene |
|
PAH |
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons |
|
Benzo(a)anthr. |
benzo(a)anthracene |
|
Benzo(b)fl. |
benzo(b)fluoranthene |
|
Benzo(k)fl. |
benzo(k)fluoranthene |
|
Dibenzoanthr. |
dibenzo(a,h)anthracene |
|
Benzoperylen |
benzo(g,h,i)perylene |
|
Indenopyren |
indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene |
|
PCB |
polychlorinated biphenyls |
|
SAA |
sum of aromatic amines |
|
TNB |
trinitrobenzene |
|
TNT |
trinitrotoluene |
table 2: LOD for iodine and bromine derivatives of aromatic amines; method: GC/ECD
|
compound |
abbreviation |
LOD(µg/l) |
LOD(µg/l) |
|
|
|
|
iodine |
bromine |
|
|
|
|
derivatives |
derivatives |
|
|
aniline |
aniline |
0,01 |
0,08 |
|
|
2-aminotoluene |
2AT |
-- |
0,6 |
|
|
3-aminotoluene |
3AT |
-- |
0,12 |
|
|
4-aminotoluene |
4AT |
0,03 |
0,3 |
|
|
2-nitraniline |
2NA |
-- |
0,09 |
|
|
3-nitraniline |
3NA |
0,015 |
0,1 |
|
|
4-nitraniline |
4NA |
0,01 |
0,025 |
|
|
1-naphthylamine |
lNphta |
0,03 |
-- |
|
|
2-naphthylamine |
2Nphta |
0,02 |
0,6 |
|
|
2-aminobiphenyl |
2ABPh |
0,01 |
0,4 |
|
|
4-aminobiphenyl |
4ABPh |
0,01 |
0,3 |
|
|
benzidin |
benzidin |
0,015 |
-- |
|
|
2,3-dimethylaniline |
23DMA |
-- |
0,2 |
|
|
2,4-dimethylaniline |
24DMA |
0,06 |
1 |
|
|
2,6-dimethylaniline |
26DMA |
0,06 |
0,1 |
|
|
3,4-dimethylaniline |
34DMA |
0,06 |
1 |
|
|
6-ethyl-o-toluidine |
6EoTol |
0,06 |
3 |
|
|
2,6-diethylaniline |
26DEA |
0,06 |
2 |
|
|
4-isopropylaniline |
4IPA |
0,04 |
0,5 |
|
|
1,3-phenylendiamine |
13PhDA |
0,15 |
-- |
|
|
2,4-diaminotoluene |
24DAT |
0,04 |
-- |
|
|
2,6-diaminotoluene |
26DAT |
0,065 |
-- |
|
|
2-amino-3-nitrotoluene |
2A3NT |
0,04 |
0,05 |
|
|
2-amino-4-nitrotoluene |
2A4NT |
0,02 |
-- |
|
|
2-amino-5-nitrotoluene |
2A5NT |
0,015 |
0,05 |
|
|
2-amino-6-nitrotoluene |
2A6NT |
0,012 |
-- |
|
|
4-amino-2-nitrotoluene |
4A2NT |
0,017 |
-- |
|
|
2,6-dinitroaniline |
26DNA |
0,1 |
-- |
|
|
2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene |
2A46DNT |
0,012 |
0,15 |
|
|
4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene |
4A26DNT |
0,01 |
0,25 |
|
|
2,4-diamino-6-nitrotoluene |
24DANT |
0,03 |
0,05 |
|
|
2,6-diamino-4-nitrotoluene |
26DANT |
0,03 |
-- |
|
|
o-anisidine |
oanisidine |
-- |
0,05 |
|
|
m-anisidine |
manisidine |
-- |
0,05 |
|
|
p-anisidine |
panisidine |
-- |
0,6 |
|
|
2-chloroaniline |
2ClA |
0,01 |
0,15 |
|
|
3-chloroaniline |
3ClA |
0,01 |
0,1 |
|
|
2-chloro-4-methylaniline |
2Cl4MA |
0,01 |
0,25 |
|
|
2-chloro-5-rmethylaniline |
2Cl5MA |
0,02 |
0,15 |
|
|
2-chloro-6-mnethylaniline |
2Cl6MA |
0,01 |
0,8 |
|
|
3-chloro-2-methylaniline |
3Cl2MA |
0,01 |
0,15 |
|
|
4-chloro-2-methylaniline |
4Cl2MA |
0,025 |
0,7 |
|
|
5-chloro-2-methylaniline |
5Cl2MA |
0,02 |
0,15 |
|
|
4-chloro-N-methylaniline |
4ClNMA |
-- |
0,8 |
|
|
2,4-dichloroaniline |
24DClA |
0,015 |
0,05 |
|
|
2,5-dichloroaniline |
25DClA |
0,025 |
0,04 |
|
|
2,6-dichloroaniline |
26DClA |
0,02 |
0,02 |
|
|
3,4-dichloroaniline |
34DClA |
0,02 |
0,25 |
|
|
2,4,5-trichloroaniline |
245TClA |
0,04 |
0,03 |
|
|
2,4,6-trichloroaniline |
246TClA |
0,05 |
0,08 |
|
|
3-chloro-4-methoxyaniline |
3Cl4MOA |
0,05 |
0,06 |
|
table 3: LOD for arsenical chemical warfare agents and their thiol derivatives; method: GC/ECD
|
compound |
thiol |
Rt(min) |
LOD(ng) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
DICK |
-- |
2,80 |
3,5 |
|
PFIFFIKUS |
--- |
7,79 |
4,0 |
|
CLARK I |
--- |
13,77 |
0,6 |
|
CLARK II |
--- |
14,37 |
0,3 |
|
LEWISIT II |
--- |
6,93 |
0,35 |
|
LEWISIT III |
--- |
9,30 |
0,03 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
CLARK I,II |
EtSH |
16,21 |
0,6 |
|
LEWISIT I |
EtSH |
10,71 |
0,4 |
|
LEWISIT II |
EtSH |
10,00 |
0,3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
CLARK I,II |
PrSH |
17,44 |
0,6 |
|
LEWISIT I |
PrSH |
12,82 |
0,4 |
|
LEWISIT II |
PrSH |
11,10 |
0,3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
DICK |
Et(SH)2 |
7,66 |
1,3 |
|
PFIFFIKUS |
Et(SH)2 |
13,95 |
0,1 |
|
LEWISIT I |
Et(SH)2 |
10,60 |
0,2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
DICK |
Pr(SH)2 |
9,38 |
3,5 |
|
PFIFFIKUS |
Pr(SH)2 |
15,45 |
0,2 |
|
LEWISIT I |
Pr(SH)2 |
12,02 |
0,2 |
If you need additional informations, please write us an email (haasr@gmx.net).
Dr. Rainer Haas